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PIR motion sensor frontend SPICE simulation - Revision history
2026-04-05T04:00:57Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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Cmaier: New page: <h1>PIR review</h1> ''Christoph Maier'' While a [http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/ICBook/SPICE/ SPICE] simulation doesn't really provide enough insight to design circ...
2009-04-20T00:49:31Z
<p>New page: <h1><a href="/wiki/PIR_Sensors" title="PIR Sensors">PIR</a> review</h1> ''Christoph Maier'' While a [http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/ICBook/SPICE/ SPICE] simulation doesn't really provide enough insight to design circ...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div><h1>[[PIR_Sensors|PIR]] review</h1><br />
''Christoph Maier''<br />
<br />
While a [http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/ICBook/SPICE/ SPICE] simulation doesn't really provide enough insight to design circuits, it's a rather useful tool to verify what an existing circuit design is actually doing.<br />
<br />
Linear Technology provides a fully functional SPICE type simulator, [http://www.linear.com/designtools/software/#Spice LTspice], for free (unless you try to compete with them). <br />
<br />
It is possible to import device models from other manufacturers, e.g. [http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tlc272.html Texas Instruments's TLC272]: [http://www.ti.com/litv/zip/sloj092].<br />
<br />
A simulation of the PIR sensor front end circuit [[Image:PIR_skeem_Sensor.jpg|800px]] can provide some insight:<br />
[[Image:Screenshot-LTspice_IV_-_PIR_review_001.asc.png|960px]]<br />
<br />
The noisebridge wiki doesn't allow me to upload the schematic files directly, so you'll have to paste them into plain text files and save them, together with the extracted TLC272 models, into the directory you run LTspice in. <br />
<br />
Save the following as '''PIR_review_001.asc'''<br />
<pre><br />
Version 4<br />
SHEET 1 1484 680.<br />
WIRE -80 -192 -512 -192<br />
WIRE 16 -192 -80 -192<br />
WIRE 336 -192 16 -192<br />
WIRE 960 -192 336 -192<br />
WIRE 1184 -192 960 -192<br />
WIRE 1312 -192 1184 -192<br />
WIRE 16 -160 16 -192<br />
WIRE 960 -160 960 -192<br />
WIRE 1312 -160 1312 -192<br />
WIRE 496 -80 224 -80<br />
WIRE 544 -80 496 -80<br />
WIRE 656 -80 624 -80<br />
WIRE 496 -32 496 -80<br />
WIRE 656 -16 656 -80<br />
WIRE 960 -16 960 -80<br />
WIRE 16 16 16 -80<br />
WIRE 48 16 16 16<br />
WIRE 224 16 224 -80<br />
WIRE 224 16 128 16<br />
WIRE 1184 32 1184 -192<br />
WIRE 336 48 336 -192<br />
WIRE 960 48 960 -16<br />
WIRE 1104 48 960 48<br />
WIRE 1152 48 1104 48<br />
WIRE 224 64 224 16<br />
WIRE 304 64 224 64<br />
WIRE 1312 64 1312 -80<br />
WIRE 1312 64 1216 64<br />
WIRE 1344 64 1312 64<br />
WIRE 496 80 496 48<br />
WIRE 496 80 368 80<br />
WIRE 576 80 496 80<br />
WIRE 656 80 656 48<br />
WIRE 656 80 576 80<br />
WIRE 736 80 656 80<br />
WIRE 848 80 800 80<br />
WIRE 896 80 848 80<br />
WIRE 1056 80 896 80<br />
WIRE 1152 80 1056 80<br />
WIRE -224 96 -304 96<br />
WIRE -144 96 -224 96<br />
WIRE -96 96 -144 96<br />
WIRE 160 96 -32 96<br />
WIRE 304 96 160 96<br />
WIRE -512 128 -512 -192<br />
WIRE 16 144 16 16<br />
WIRE 848 144 848 80<br />
WIRE 960 144 960 48<br />
WIRE 16 160 16 144<br />
WIRE 48 160 16 160<br />
WIRE 160 160 160 96<br />
WIRE 160 160 128 160<br />
WIRE 1104 160 1104 48<br />
WIRE -304 176 -304 96<br />
WIRE 224 192 224 64<br />
WIRE 848 272 848 224<br />
WIRE 896 272 848 272<br />
WIRE 960 272 960 224<br />
WIRE 960 272 896 272<br />
WIRE -144 288 -144 96<br />
WIRE 16 288 16 160<br />
WIRE 160 288 160 160<br />
WIRE 960 288 960 272<br />
WIRE 1056 288 1056 80<br />
WIRE -512 400 -512 208<br />
WIRE -304 400 -304 256<br />
WIRE -304 400 -512 400<br />
WIRE -144 400 -144 368<br />
WIRE -144 400 -304 400<br />
WIRE 16 400 16 368<br />
WIRE 16 400 -144 400<br />
WIRE 96 400 16 400<br />
WIRE 160 400 160 352<br />
WIRE 160 400 96 400<br />
WIRE 224 400 224 256<br />
WIRE 224 400 160 400<br />
WIRE 336 400 336 112<br />
WIRE 336 400 224 400<br />
WIRE 960 400 960 368<br />
WIRE 960 400 336 400<br />
WIRE 1056 400 1056 352<br />
WIRE 1056 400 960 400<br />
WIRE 1104 400 1104 224<br />
WIRE 1104 400 1056 400<br />
WIRE 1184 400 1184 96<br />
WIRE 1184 400 1104 400<br />
WIRE 96 432 96 400<br />
FLAG 96 432 0<br />
FLAG -80 -192 dd<br />
FLAG 160 96 inp<br />
FLAG 224 -80 inn<br />
FLAG 16 144 div1<br />
FLAG -224 96 in<br />
FLAG 1344 64 sensor<br />
IOPIN 1344 64 Out<br />
FLAG 960 -16 div22<br />
FLAG 896 272 div21<br />
FLAG 576 80 out1<br />
FLAG 896 80 in2<br />
SYMBOL Opamps\\opamp2 336 16 R0<br />
WINDOW 3 16 96 Invisible 0<br />
WINDOW 38 16 124 Left 0<br />
SYMATTR InstName U102a<br />
SYMATTR Value ""<br />
SYMATTR SpiceModel TLC272<br />
SYMBOL voltage -512 112 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName Vdd<br />
SYMATTR Value 5<br />
SYMBOL res 0 -176 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R111<br />
SYMATTR Value 2.2k<br />
SYMBOL res 0 272 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R113<br />
SYMATTR Value 2.2k<br />
SYMBOL res 144 144 R90<br />
WINDOW 0 0 56 VBottom 0<br />
WINDOW 3 32 56 VTop 0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R112<br />
SYMATTR Value 1Meg<br />
SYMBOL res 480 -48 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R104<br />
SYMATTR Value 470k<br />
SYMBOL res -160 272 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R105<br />
SYMATTR Value 47k<br />
SYMBOL res 144 0 R90<br />
WINDOW 0 0 56 VBottom 0<br />
WINDOW 3 32 56 VTop 0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R110<br />
SYMATTR Value 820<br />
SYMBOL cap 640 -16 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName C106<br />
SYMATTR Value 47n<br />
SYMBOL res 640 -96 R90<br />
WINDOW 0 0 56 VBottom 0<br />
WINDOW 3 32 56 VTop 0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R108<br />
SYMATTR Value 10k<br />
SYMBOL cap -32 80 R90<br />
WINDOW 0 0 32 VBottom 0<br />
WINDOW 3 32 32 VTop 0<br />
SYMATTR InstName C104<br />
SYMATTR Value 100n<br />
SYMBOL voltage -304 160 R0<br />
WINDOW 123 0 0 Left 0<br />
WINDOW 39 0 0 Left 0<br />
SYMATTR InstName Vin<br />
SYMATTR Value PULSE(0 5m 10m 1n 1n 40m 100m)<br />
SYMBOL cap 208 192 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName C109<br />
SYMATTR Value 470p<br />
SYMBOL cap 144 288 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName C110<br />
SYMATTR Value 470p<br />
SYMBOL Opamps\\opamp2 1184 0 R0<br />
WINDOW 3 16 96 Invisible 0<br />
WINDOW 38 16 124 Left 0<br />
SYMATTR InstName U102b<br />
SYMATTR Value ""<br />
SYMATTR SpiceModel TLC272<br />
SYMBOL cap 800 64 R90<br />
WINDOW 0 0 32 VBottom 0<br />
WINDOW 3 32 32 VTop 0<br />
SYMATTR InstName C105<br />
SYMATTR Value 100n<br />
SYMBOL res 944 -176 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R102<br />
SYMATTR Value 10k<br />
SYMBOL res 944 272 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R109<br />
SYMATTR Value 10k<br />
SYMBOL res 944 128 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R107<br />
SYMATTR Value 820<br />
SYMBOL res 832 128 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R106<br />
SYMATTR Value 1Meg<br />
SYMBOL res 1296 -176 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName R103<br />
SYMATTR Value 22k<br />
SYMBOL cap 1088 160 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName C107<br />
SYMATTR Value 470p<br />
SYMBOL cap 1040 288 R0<br />
SYMATTR InstName C108<br />
SYMATTR Value 470p<br />
TEXT -448 304 Left 0 !.include TLC272.5_2<br />
TEXT -442 344 Left 0 !.tran 0 1 0<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
and the following as '''PIR_review_001.plt'''<br />
<pre><br />
[Transient Analysis]<br />
{<br />
Npanes: 5<br />
Active Pane: 4<br />
{<br />
traces: 1 {524295,0,"V(sensor)"}<br />
X: (' ',1,0,0.1,1)<br />
Y[0]: (' ',1,0,0.4,4)<br />
Y[1]: ('_',0,1e+308,0,-1e+308)<br />
Volts: (' ',0,0,1,0,0.4,4)<br />
Log: 0 0 0<br />
GridStyle: 1<br />
PltMag: 1<br />
PltPhi: 1 0<br />
},<br />
{<br />
traces: 3 {524294,0,"V(in2)"} {524296,0,"V(div21)"} {524297,0,"V(div22)"}<br />
X: (' ',1,0,0.1,1)<br />
Y[0]: (' ',1,2,0.1,3.1)<br />
Y[1]: ('_',0,1e+308,0,-1e+308)<br />
Volts: (' ',0,0,1,2,0.1,3.1)<br />
Log: 0 0 0<br />
GridStyle: 1<br />
PltMag: 1<br />
PltPhi: 1 0<br />
},<br />
{<br />
traces: 1 {524293,0,"V(out1)"}<br />
X: (' ',1,0,0.1,1)<br />
Y[0]: (' ',1,1.4,0.1,2.8)<br />
Y[1]: ('_',0,1e+308,0,-1e+308)<br />
Volts: (' ',0,0,1,1.4,0.1,2.8)<br />
Log: 0 0 0<br />
GridStyle: 1<br />
PltMag: 1<br />
PltPhi: 1 0<br />
},<br />
{<br />
traces: 2 {524290,0,"V(inp)"} {524291,0,"V(div1)"}<br />
X: (' ',1,0,0.1,1)<br />
Y[0]: (' ',4,2.4962,0.0007,2.5039)<br />
Y[1]: ('_',0,1e+308,0,-1e+308)<br />
Volts: (' ',0,0,4,2.4962,0.0007,2.5039)<br />
Log: 0 0 0<br />
GridStyle: 1<br />
PltMag: 1<br />
PltPhi: 1 0<br />
},<br />
{<br />
traces: 1 {524292,0,"V(in)"}<br />
X: (' ',1,0,0.1,1)<br />
Y[0]: ('m',1,-0.0005,0.0005,0.005)<br />
Y[1]: ('_',0,1e+308,0,-1e+308)<br />
Volts: ('m',0,0,1,-0.0005,0.0005,0.005)<br />
Log: 0 0 0<br />
GridStyle: 1<br />
PltMag: 1<br />
PltPhi: 1 0<br />
}<br />
}<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For people for whom LTspice tastes too much like a commercial product, <br />
here is the netlist: <br />
<pre><br />
* Z:\data\LTC\LTspiceIV\schematics\noisebridge\PIR_review_001.asc<br />
XU102a inp inn dd 0 out1 TLC272<br />
Vdd dd 0 5<br />
R111 dd div1 2.2k<br />
R113 div1 0 2.2k<br />
R112 inp div1 1Meg<br />
R104 inn out1 470k<br />
R105 in 0 47k<br />
R110 inn div1 820<br />
C106 N001 out1 47n<br />
R108 N001 inn 10k<br />
C104 inp in 100n<br />
Vin in 0 PULSE(0 5m 10m 1n 1n 40m 100m)<br />
C109 inn 0 470p<br />
C110 inp 0 470p<br />
XU102b in2 div22 dd 0 sensor TLC272<br />
C105 in2 out1 100n<br />
R102 dd div22 10k<br />
R109 div21 0 10k<br />
R107 div22 div21 820<br />
R106 in2 div21 1Meg<br />
R103 dd sensor 22k<br />
C107 div22 0 470p<br />
C108 in2 0 470p<br />
.include TLC272.5_2<br />
.tran 0 1 0<br />
.backanno<br />
.end<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
and the log file (with the Texas Instruments opamp model converted from PSPICE to SPICE3 format)<br />
<pre><br />
--- Expanded Deck Component Count --- <br />
B's 10 <br />
C's 13 <br />
D's 14 <br />
E's 2 <br />
G's 10 <br />
H's 2 <br />
I's 8 <br />
J's 4 <br />
R's 24 <br />
V's 22 <br />
tot: 109 <br />
<br />
<br />
--- Expanded Netist --- <br />
* Z:\data\LTC\LTspiceIV\schematics\noisebridge\PIR_review_001.asc <br />
c:u102a:1 u102a:11 u102a:12 5.657e-12 <br />
c:u102a:2 u102a:6 u102a:7 20.00e-12 <br />
c:u102a:psr u102a:85 u102a:86 79.6e-9 <br />
d:u102a:cm+ u102a:81 u102a:82 u102a:dx <br />
d:u102a:cm- u102a:83 u102a:81 u102a:dx <br />
d:u102a:c out1 u102a:53 u102a:dx <br />
d:u102a:e u102a:54 out1 u102a:dx <br />
d:u102a:lp u102a:90 u102a:91 u102a:dx <br />
d:u102a:ln u102a:92 u102a:90 u102a:dx <br />
d:u102a:p 0 dd u102a:dx <br />
e:u102a:cmr u102a:84 u102a:99 inn u102a:99 1 <br />
b:u102a:egnd u102a:99 0 v=.5*v(dd)+.5*v(0) <br />
b:u102a:epsr u102a:85 0 v=-246e-6+49.2e-6*v(dd,0) <br />
b:u102a:ense u102a:89 inn v=1.1e-3+v(u102a:88) <br />
b:u102a:fb u102a:7 u102a:99 i=1.120e6*i(v:u102a:b)+-1e6*i(v:u102a:c)+1e6*i(v:u102a:e)+1e6*i(v:u102a:lp)+-1e6*i(v:u102a:ln)+1.12e6*i(v:u102a:psr) <br />
g:u102a:a u102a:6 0 u102a:11 u102a:12 138.2e-6 <br />
g:u102a:cm 0 u102a:6 u102a:10 u102a:99 28.46e-9 <br />
g:u102a:psr u102a:85 u102a:86 u102a:85 u102a:86 100e-6 <br />
g:u102a:rd1 u102a:60 u102a:11 u102a:60 u102a:11 1.382e-4 <br />
g:u102a:rd2 u102a:60 u102a:12 u102a:60 u102a:12 1.382e-4 <br />
h:u102a:lim u102a:90 0 v:u102a:lim 1k <br />
b:u102a:hcmr u102a:80 inp v=1e2*i(v:u102a:cm+)+1e2*i(v:u102a:cm-) <br />
i:u102a:rp dd 0 617e-6 <br />
i:u102a:ss dd u102a:10 dc 58.00e-6 <br />
i:u102a:io inn 0 .1e-12 <br />
i:u102a:1 u102a:88 0 1e-21 <br />
j:u102a:1 u102a:11 u102a:89 u102a:10 u102a:jx <br />
j:u102a:2 u102a:12 u102a:80 u102a:10 u102a:jx <br />
r:u102a:2 u102a:6 u102a:9 100.0e3 <br />
r:u102a:cm u102a:84 u102a:81 1k <br />
r:u102a:n1 u102a:88 0 25.7e3 <br />
r:u102a:o1 u102a:8 out1 75 <br />
r:u102a:o2 u102a:7 u102a:99 75 <br />
r:u102a:ss u102a:10 u102a:99 3.448e6 <br />
v:u102a:ad u102a:60 0 -.7 <br />
v:u102a:cm+ u102a:82 u102a:99 1.16 <br />
v:u102a:cm- u102a:83 u102a:99 -2.26 <br />
v:u102a:b u102a:9 0 dc 0 <br />
v:u102a:c dd u102a:53 dc 1.85 <br />
v:u102a:e u102a:54 0 dc .7 <br />
v:u102a:lim u102a:7 u102a:8 dc 0 <br />
v:u102a:lp u102a:91 0 dc 25 <br />
v:u102a:ln 0 u102a:92 dc 25 <br />
v:u102a:psr 0 u102a:86 dc 0 <br />
vdd dd 0 5 <br />
r111 dd div1 2.2k <br />
r113 div1 0 2.2k <br />
r112 inp div1 1meg <br />
r104 inn out1 470k <br />
r105 in 0 47k <br />
r110 inn div1 820 <br />
c106 n001 out1 47n <br />
r108 n001 inn 10k <br />
c104 inp in 100n <br />
vin in 0 pulse(0 5m 10m 1n 1n 40m 100m) <br />
c109 inn 0 470p <br />
c110 inp 0 470p <br />
c:u102b:1 u102b:11 u102b:12 5.657e-12 <br />
c:u102b:2 u102b:6 u102b:7 20.00e-12 <br />
c:u102b:psr u102b:85 u102b:86 79.6e-9 <br />
d:u102b:cm+ u102b:81 u102b:82 u102b:dx <br />
d:u102b:cm- u102b:83 u102b:81 u102b:dx <br />
d:u102b:c sensor u102b:53 u102b:dx <br />
d:u102b:e u102b:54 sensor u102b:dx <br />
d:u102b:lp u102b:90 u102b:91 u102b:dx <br />
d:u102b:ln u102b:92 u102b:90 u102b:dx <br />
d:u102b:p 0 dd u102b:dx <br />
e:u102b:cmr u102b:84 u102b:99 div22 u102b:99 1 <br />
b:u102b:egnd u102b:99 0 v=.5*v(dd)+.5*v(0) <br />
b:u102b:epsr u102b:85 0 v=-246e-6+49.2e-6*v(dd,0) <br />
b:u102b:ense u102b:89 div22 v=1.1e-3+v(u102b:88) <br />
b:u102b:fb u102b:7 u102b:99 i=1.120e6*i(v:u102b:b)+-1e6*i(v:u102b:c)+1e6*i(v:u102b:e)+1e6*i(v:u102b:lp)+-1e6*i(v:u102b:ln)+1.12e6*i(v:u102b:psr) <br />
g:u102b:a u102b:6 0 u102b:11 u102b:12 138.2e-6 <br />
g:u102b:cm 0 u102b:6 u102b:10 u102b:99 28.46e-9 <br />
g:u102b:psr u102b:85 u102b:86 u102b:85 u102b:86 100e-6 <br />
g:u102b:rd1 u102b:60 u102b:11 u102b:60 u102b:11 1.382e-4 <br />
g:u102b:rd2 u102b:60 u102b:12 u102b:60 u102b:12 1.382e-4 <br />
h:u102b:lim u102b:90 0 v:u102b:lim 1k <br />
b:u102b:hcmr u102b:80 in2 v=1e2*i(v:u102b:cm+)+1e2*i(v:u102b:cm-) <br />
i:u102b:rp dd 0 617e-6 <br />
i:u102b:ss dd u102b:10 dc 58.00e-6 <br />
i:u102b:io div22 0 .1e-12 <br />
i:u102b:1 u102b:88 0 1e-21 <br />
j:u102b:1 u102b:11 u102b:89 u102b:10 u102b:jx <br />
j:u102b:2 u102b:12 u102b:80 u102b:10 u102b:jx <br />
r:u102b:2 u102b:6 u102b:9 100.0e3 <br />
r:u102b:cm u102b:84 u102b:81 1k <br />
r:u102b:n1 u102b:88 0 25.7e3 <br />
r:u102b:o1 u102b:8 sensor 75 <br />
r:u102b:o2 u102b:7 u102b:99 75 <br />
r:u102b:ss u102b:10 u102b:99 3.448e6 <br />
v:u102b:ad u102b:60 0 -.7 <br />
v:u102b:cm+ u102b:82 u102b:99 1.16 <br />
v:u102b:cm- u102b:83 u102b:99 -2.26 <br />
v:u102b:b u102b:9 0 dc 0 <br />
v:u102b:c dd u102b:53 dc 1.85 <br />
v:u102b:e u102b:54 0 dc .7 <br />
v:u102b:lim u102b:7 u102b:8 dc 0 <br />
v:u102b:lp u102b:91 0 dc 25 <br />
v:u102b:ln 0 u102b:92 dc 25 <br />
v:u102b:psr 0 u102b:86 dc 0 <br />
c105 in2 out1 100n <br />
r102 dd div22 10k <br />
r109 div21 0 10k <br />
r107 div22 div21 820 <br />
r106 in2 div21 1meg <br />
r103 dd sensor 22k <br />
c107 div22 0 470p <br />
c108 in2 0 470p <br />
.model u102b:jx pjf(is=300.0e-15 beta=658.9e-6 vto=-.151 kf=1.85e-16) <br />
.model u102b:dx d(is=800.0e-18) <br />
.model u102a:jx pjf(is=300.0e-15 beta=658.9e-6 vto=-.151 kf=1.85e-16) <br />
.model u102a:dx d(is=800.0e-18) <br />
.tran 0 1 0 <br />
.end <br />
<br />
Early termination of direct N-R iteration. <br />
Direct Newton iteration failed to find .op point. (Use ".option noopiter" to skip.) <br />
Starting Gmin stepping <br />
Gmin = 10 <br />
vernier = 0.5 <br />
vernier = 0.25 <br />
vernier = 0.125 <br />
Gmin = 5.5165 <br />
vernier = 0.0625 <br />
vernier = 0.03125 <br />
vernier = 0.015625 <br />
vernier = 0.0078125 <br />
Gmin = 5.49501 <br />
vernier = 0.00390625 <br />
vernier = 0.00195313 <br />
vernier = 0.000976563 <br />
vernier = 0.000488281 <br />
Gmin = 5.50104 <br />
Gmin = 0 <br />
Gmin stepping succeeded in finding the operating point. <br />
<br />
<br />
Date: Sun Apr 19 15:19:26 2009 <br />
Total elapsed time: 1.025 seconds. <br />
<br />
tnom = 27 <br />
temp = 27 <br />
method = modified trap <br />
totiter = 10704 <br />
traniter = 9333 <br />
tranpoints = 3730 <br />
accept = 3074 <br />
rejected = 656 <br />
matrix size = 91 <br />
fillins = 130 <br />
solver = Normal <br />
Thread vector: 23.4/14.9[2] 8.3/6.4[2] 6.7/4.9[2] 3.4/3.4[1] 2592/500 <br />
Matrix Compiler1: 8.84 KB object code size 7.3/4.7/[3.0] <br />
Matrix Compiler2: 9.40 KB object code size 4.9/8.8/[3.2] <br />
</pre></div>
Cmaier